tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75670613827555469262024-02-20T10:58:48.222-05:00A Student of Psychology: A Walk Through the Human MindPsychology is the study of the mind and behavior. American Psychological Association (2013), "the discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged" (para. 1). American Psychological Association (2013), "in every conceivable setting from scientific research centers to mental health care services, "the understanding of behavior" is the enterprise of psychologists" (para. 1).Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.comBlogger257125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-81362992798739110802014-11-23T15:22:00.000-05:002015-02-25T22:21:49.557-05:00APA Divisions Worksheet<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid #A6A6A6; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid #A6A6A6; mso-padding-alt: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 97%px;">
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Divisions <o:p></o:p></div>
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Explanation of Division (50-75 words)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Possible Careers<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
Clinical Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Clinical
psychology is diverse and complex specialty area within psychology. As a discipline
of psychology that studies individuals by means of experimentation or
observation with intentions of promoting changes. Clinical psychology addresses
a breadth of behavioral, emotional, and mental disorders, through a means of
an integration of psychology with the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of varies complex problems of humans (American Psychological
Association, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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1. Psychotherapist<o:p></o:p></div>
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2. Psychologist<o:p></o:p></div>
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3. Clinical Psychologist<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.
Developmental Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">What occurs within developmental psychology is the study of human
development and growth throughout the lifespan of humans, and also includes</span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">emotional,</span> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">personality, perceptual, intellectual,
social, cognitive, and physical growth.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Also, developmental psychology applies scientific knowledge to</span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">child
care policies, education, and to other areas in
regard to such settings that share a similar relationship (American Psychological
Association, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 31.34%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. Developmental Psychologist<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Researcher<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
Counseling Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Counseling
psychology is a practice that encompasses a broad range practices that are
culturally sensitive; which helps individuals resolve crises, alleviate maladjustment
and distress, and increases individuals’ ability to better function in life (American
Psychological Association, 2014). In regard to counseling psychologist, they
help individuals find resources to cope with everyday adversity and problems,
and are a means of helping individuals recognize their strengths. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 31.34%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. Counselor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Behavior specialist<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Therapist<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.
Industrial/Organizational Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industrial/Organizational
(I/O) psychology a discipline of psychology that scientifically studies human
behavior in work environments. The focus of I/O psychology is on assessing
organizational, group, and individual dynamics and making use of such
research for identifying solutions for problems for improving the performance
and well-being of organizations and the employees of such organizations (American
Psychological Association, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 31.34%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. Director of human resources<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Director of organizational development<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Director of labor relations<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 33.7%;" valign="top" width="33%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.
School Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 34.94%;" valign="top" width="34%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Composed
of scientific-practitioner psychologists, school psychology is another
discipline of psychology concerned with the interests of families, children,
and adolescents in in regard to schooling process (American Psychological
Association, 2014). As well as delivering services that are</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">psychologically
comprehensive services to families, children, and adolescents is schooling
settings and other applied settings (American Psychological Association,
2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #A6A6A6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #A6A6A6 .5pt; padding: 4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt; width: 31.34%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. School Psychologist<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Diagnostician<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Researcher<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="APACitation">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">What
makes psychology a science?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: .25in;">
What makes psychology a science is that psychology
scientifically studies mental processes and behavior. In regard to studying or
observing behavior, psychology does not just casually observe behavior, because
casual observations have a tendency of being subjective observations.
Therefore, as a scientific discipline, psychology makes use of science to analyze
such observations. Analyzing such behavior enables one to make a determination
in regard to the meaning behind observed behavior. To make such a
determination, psychology uses the scientific method or the steps of the
scientific method to process the data from such observations making such data
empirical data. Therefore, such data is verifiable by experience or through
observations instead of just through pure logic or theory. As well as,
psychology involves reproducible experimentation; such as in regard to one
psychologist gaining the same results of another that another psychologist did when
conducting experimentations. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: .25in;">
Also, what makes psychology a science is
that psychology uses differing perspectives such as the cognitive, behaviorist,
psychodynamic, and other perspectives in regard to determining and explaining the
occurrences of such observable behavior (Friedman & Schustack, 2011). </div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.25in;">
Reference<span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">s</span></div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0"><i>American
Psychological Association</i>. (2014). Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/index.aspx<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<div class="APAReference">
Friedman, H.S., &
Schustack, M.W., (2011).<i> Personality:
Classic Theories and Modern Research</i> (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Kuther, T. L., & Morgan, R. D. (2013). <i>Careers in Psychology: Opportunities in a
changing World </i>(4th ed.) Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-78511973131496966002014-10-24T11:33:00.001-04:002014-10-24T11:33:29.390-04:00Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality<div class="APA">
Feist and Feist, (2009), “although no single definition is
acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a
pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give
both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” (p. 4). There are varying
aspects that determine personality. Also, there are varying different approaches
concerning the development of personality in psychology. An approach is a certain
perspective involving particular assumptions; that is, in regard to personality
for instance, the development of personality and what aspects affect such
development. In regard to such approaches to personality, two approaches in
particular, that is, biological and humanistic approaches provide explanations
as to the development of personality. Not only do these two approaches explain
the development of personality, but also does the use of Maslow's hierarchy of
needs in explaining the extent of growth needs have on influencing the
formation of personality. Also, influencing the formation of personality are
particular biological factors; which also have a relationship with Marlow’s
theory of personality. However, biological explanations of personality are
incompatible with basic aspects of the humanistic theory. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Growth Needs Influencing Personality
Formation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
American<b> </b>psychologist,<b> </b>Abraham Harold Maslow was famously
known for creating a hierarchy of needs; referred to as Maslow's hierarchy of
needs. Such hierarchy of needs can explain the extent of influence that growth
needs have on the formation of personality. Therefore, Maslow would divide
organismic needs into groups of needs. First, there are physiological needs,
including shelter, sex, water, and food. Therefore, moving to the next level of
needs requires meeting these lower levels of needs first. Second, there are
safety needs; incorporating security and safety; therefore, seeking safety
through other individuals and striving to find protection is a necessity.
Growth will only continue when meeting such goals in regard to thinking about needs
of a higher level. Third are love and belonging needs; including a need for
belonging, acceptance, and love. Once such needs are met seeking out
friendships brings about feelings of belonging. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Also focus is on desires of being accepted, fitting in, and a
sense of belong. Fourth, esteem needs, including the need for respect,
competence, education, and achievement. Therefore, what occurs is a focus of energy
on a sense of accomplishment, respect for other individuals, self-respect, and
respect from other individuals also. Last is the need for self-actualization;
therefore, realizing one’s fullest potential. In Maslow’s belief was that
self-actualization was the highest form of need. In his hierarchical of needs,
lower needs have to be largely satisfied in order for higher needs to become of
importance (Friedman & Schustack, 2011). Indeed, the formation of
personality is under the influence of growth needs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Biological Factors Influencing Formation of
Personality<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In regard to biological factors and personality, it is clearly
evident that genetic makeup has a critical influence on the formation of
personality; and in such a complex means. Biological theorists hold the belief
that genetics have a role in determining or have a significant role in the
formation of personality. Genes along with intelligence are determining factors
in the formation personality. However, if biological factors do not have a direct
effect on personality then how a human looks affects how they perceive themselves
and how other humans interact with them. In regard to the indirect affect, that
is, a determining factors of how a human will develop into adulthood.
Therefore, the formation of personality indeed relies on biological factors. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Relationships between of Biological Factors
and Maslow’s Theory<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Indeed
there is a relationship involving Marlow’s theory of personality and biological
factors. To a particular extent, Maslow’s hierarchy of personality relate to
biological factors because biological factors such as physical characteristics,
heredity, and the brain are a necessities during levels of growth. Every behavior
and action such as enlightenment, security, the needs for basic needs, and
others are behaviors and actions resulting from internal and biological instincts.
Also, physiological needs such as sex, sleep, food, and breathing are significantly
biological requirements. In particular ways the relationship between Marlow's theory
of personality and biological is critical. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Humanistic Theory Incompatibility with
Biological Explanations <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Humanistic theories’ basic concepts and biological explanations or
theories differ significantly. Also, the subject matter and ideology of
humanistic theories’ approach to personality differ from biological theories. Humanistic
theories allow for self-fulfillment, heroism, true creativity and for free will
in regard to personality development. In regard to self-fulfillment that is,
becoming not being or moving towards self-fulfillment in regard to a healthy
personality. Self-actualization is the innate process that allows humans to
realize self-potential and develop spiritually (Friedman & Schustack, 2011).
Humanistic theories focus on the present tense instead of looking toward the
future or past; therefore, the more so important aspects of human personality
are self-worth and what occurs presently. Humans that are healthy are
responsible for taking responsibility for oneself; regardless of behavior. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Also, every human possesses inherent worth; as well as the goal of
life is achieving understanding and personal growth. Humanistic theories follow
beliefs in regard to every human relying not on thought processes but rather on
feelings. Humanistic theories derive from dynamic and complex inner motives
that do not hold compatibility with the biological explanations in regard to
human personalities; such as with biological theories focusing on thought
processes instead of a sense of self-worth, and with biological or genetic
influences or structures that determine personality; therefore, biological
theories follow beliefs in regard to personality being under the control of
genetics (Friedman & Schustack, 2011). Humanistic and biological theories differ
tremendously.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Approaches
such as biological and humanistic provide assumptions in regard to the
development of personality. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as previously
seen is necessary when discussing the extent that personality formation is
under the influence of growth needs. Also, as particular biological factors have
an effect on influencing the formation of personality as well. Examining such
biological factors assists in understanding the relationship to Maslow’s theory
of personality. Also, as previously explained, particular aspects of the humanistic
theory are not compatible with personality’s biological explanations. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a></div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). <i>Theories of Personality</i> (7th ed.). New
York, NY: McGraw Hill.<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Friedman, H.S., &
Schustack, M.W., (2011). <i>Personality:</i>
<i>Classic Theories and Modern Research</i>
(5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-8119162555091018422014-10-24T11:33:00.000-04:002014-10-24T11:33:00.667-04:00Have you ever attempted to break a habit? How successful or unsuccessful were you? What was the biggest impediment to or cause of your success? <div class="APA">
Yes, I have previously attempted to break an unhealthy and harmful
habit. Such a habit was smoking cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes was an unhealthy
habit with short-term and long-term adverse health effects that are often
irreversible. This particular habit did not stem from impulsivity, low
self-esteem, alienation, aggressiveness, or rebelliousness because I had an
addiction to a stimulus; which, was the biggest impediment to my success (Friedman
& Schustack, 2011). I understood the harmful effects of such a habit and
because of the concerns of my children I knew this habit had to stop. In regard
to success or unsuccessfulness, I was very successful at breaking this habit
and have not smoked a cigarette in over three years. One of the reasons for
such success was because I switched from real cigarettes to smoking an
electronic cigarette. From first-hand accounts, I often meet other individuals
who have stopped the habit of smoking cigarettes by switching to electronic
cigarettes for either a short-term or for a long-term. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="text-indent: 0in;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Friedman, H.S., & Schustack, M.W.,
(2011). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn
& Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-49271276563707901132014-10-14T23:28:00.000-04:002014-10-14T23:28:14.130-04:00Personality Traits<div class="APA">
The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is of particular
interest for Shura Steven Whitaker in regard to testing for personality traits.
The development of the TIPI occurred as for the purpose of assessing the
constellation of traits that the Five Factor Theory of Personality defines (Friedman
& Schustack, 2011). In regard to rating as for the Big 5 Personality traits:
openness to experiences, emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness,
and extraversion scoring were as follows. First, extraversion: 7.00, there is
the appearance of being an extrovert; characterized by the tendency for seeking
stimulation and the company of other individuals and positive emotions. Second,
agreeableness: 6.50, is a high score for agreeableness suggesting being more
cooperative and compassionate toward other individuals. Third, conscientiousness:
7.00, is a high score in conscientiousness; which, suggest there is great value
in aiming for achievement, acting dutifully, and self-discipline (PsychCentral,
2014). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Fourth, emotional stability: 7.00, is quite of a high score for
emotional stability; which, suggest being far less emotionally reactive to painful
or stressful individuals or situations, and rarely easily upset. Lastly, openness
to experiences: 7.00; is quite a high as for openness to experiences and suggesting
a general appreciation for a variety of experience. Also, in regard to curiosity,
imagination, unusual ideas, adventure, emotion, and art. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Propose Solutions for Working Together<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b> </b>Steven understands<b> </b>that<b> </b>putting together individuals in teams allows different personality
types opportunities for developing, combining, and implementing differing ideas
critical for completing team goals.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Synopsis of the Reliability and Validity</b>
<b>of Personality Measurements<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In regard to reliability and validity, the TIPI is a reliable and
valid personality test because achieving the same results occurred after
retesting. Also, it indeed measures personality traits as it claims, and there
was an ability to interpret test scores in a meaningful way with the purpose of
measuring personality traits. This assessment indeed depicts accurate results
in regard to personality traits of Steven, and he agrees with the findings of
the TIPI. </div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a></div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M.
W., (2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn
& Bacon.</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
PsychCentral. (2014). Retrieved from
http://psychcentral.com/cgi-bin/personalityquiz.cgi<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-65134422770473712902014-10-14T23:27:00.002-04:002014-10-14T23:27:53.937-04:00When do you think you can see someone's biological influences? As an infant? As a toddler? As an adult? <div class="APA">
I believe that an individual’s biological influences manifest during
infancy and progress during development. Often during infancy in regard to the
interactions of infants with parents, infants often display biological
influences of one parent or the other or sometimes a combination of both. Such
interactions even with caregivers other than biological parents and with
biological parents help personality develop along with biological influences.
Therefore, I believe personality development is a combination of biological
influences and the environment. Friedman and Schustack (2011), “the existence
of many environmentally based biological influences on personality is another
reason to be cautious about assuming hereditary causes of personality” (p.
171). As a father of three children I often saw during infancy how my oldest
son and daughter displayed behavior similar to that of myself, while my
youngest son often displayed behavior similar to that of my ex-wife.</div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
Reference<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<span style="text-indent: 0in;">Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W.,
(2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn
& Bacon.</span> <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-81140812333706527182014-10-14T23:27:00.001-04:002014-10-14T23:27:42.510-04:00Why might the biological approach to personality be controversial for some people? <div class="APA">
The biological approach to personality may be controversial for
some individuals for numerous reasons,
but one reason in particular is that it has become evident that personality
does not solely develop as a result of biological and genetic factors. The
environment or environmental influences also have a significant role in the
development of personality, and may have a greater role than biological and
genetic factors. Personality develops as a result of the interplay between
biology, genetics, and the social environment. Indeed, biological and genetic
factors influence personality; however, humans possess the capacity for
challenging and sometimes overcoming biological tendencies (Friedman &
Schustack, 2011). For instance, biological tendencies of aggressive behavior
can be overcome by means of environmental influences.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="APA">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
</div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W.,
(2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn
& Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-44051943352535968852014-10-14T23:27:00.000-04:002014-10-14T23:27:14.199-04:00How does the study of personality shed light onto behavior change for you?<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
The study of personality has shed light or
provided me with knowledge into behavior, why behavior occurs, and why behavior
changes. Also, I study or observe the behavior of other individuals and myself
as well as now more so than ever before, because I have an understanding why
behavior occurs; therefore, I have the need to know why individuals behave as they
do. I believe that understanding behavior is like understanding personality, or
understanding what is occurring to an individual at that or previous moment in
time therefore, I try to understand other individuals more so as to not make
judgment about any other individual but regard them by their behavior and try
to understand why such behavior is occurring. For instance, understanding why
behavior changes can ensure that I do not label an individual unnecessarily
because of a behavior change, and instead helps me to show a level of empathy,
compassion, and understanding for the particular individual as in trying to
find out what has occurred to that particular individual or in his or her life
in regard to the change in behavior. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="text-indent: 0in;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Friedman, H.S., & Schustack, M.W.,
(2011). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn
& Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-45433303897612740272014-10-09T16:39:00.000-04:002014-10-09T16:39:22.582-04:00Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment<div class="APA">
Personality theorists such as Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, and Alfred
Adler developed theories to explain personality. Comparing and contrasting such
psychoanalytic theories will help decide what characteristics of these theories
to agree and disagree with. Also, of importance are the stages of Freud’s
theory and Freudian defense mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Comparing and Contrasting the
Psychoanalytic Theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Freud,
Jung, and Adler developed critical and important psychoanalytic theories in
regard to the development of personality. Freud held the belief that the
development of personality occurred in stages related to erogenous zones, and
that failure of completion of any stage successfully resulted in personality
problems in adulthood. Also, Freud held the belief that the development of
personality was barely by choice or of no choice. Jung also held the belief
that personality developed in stages that peaked with individuation or
self-realization, also referred to as analytical psychology; however, Jung
disagreed with Freud’s beliefs (Feist & Feist, 2009). Of importance was
ages of 35 to 40 or the second half of life; whereas, opportunities arose to
use particular elements of personality for obtaining self-realization. Also, in
disagreement with Freud, Adler held the belief that individuals held the
responsibility who they were or who they became in regard to personality. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Freud’s
Psychoanalytic Theory<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In regard to Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory it takes into account
that the mind occurs at differing levels, that is, the unconscious,
preconscious, and conscious levels. The unconscious level possesses drives and
instincts that individuals are unaware of; however, they are motives for
actions, that is, in regard to words and feelings. In this regard, individuals
possess consciousness of unconcealed behaviors, but they are unaware of the
mental processes involved with behaviors that are overt. The preconscious level
contains elements that are not conscious thoughts at first; however, such
elements may manifest into consciousness willingly or with a level of difficulty.
Consciousness has a minuscule role within Freud’s theory; however,
consciousness involves mental elements that individuals have awareness of at no
particular moment-in-time. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
In regard to provinces of the mind,
Freud’s belief was that three elements, that is, the id, the ego, and the
superego were the elements of personality. Freud believed that the id was the
center of personality and was an unconscious psychical region. The id is
without a means of connecting with reality; however, the id constantly exerts
an effort toward the reduction of tension by satisfying basic or essential
needs and desires (Feist & Feist, 2009). Although, when the goal of
satisfaction is unattainable a state of anxiety or tension are the end results.
The id maintains the function of servicing the pleasure principle; therefore,
pleasure seeking is the sole purpose of the id. In regard to the ego, governed
by the reality principle, which is the pleasure principle of the id makes an
effort toward substituting for the pleasure principle of the id. Also, secondary
functioning processes occur in the ego. The ego is the sole region of the mind
making contact with any notion of reality and develops in infancy as a result
of the id. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
The ego develops into the sole means of communication between the
mind and reality. Therefore, because of this connection, the ego possesses the
ability of being the decision-maker of personality. It makes decisions on the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious levels of personality because it is partially
unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. In regard to the superego, it is a depiction
of personality’s moral and ideal elements (Feist & Feist, 2009). Governed
by moralistic and idealistic principles, the superego develops as a result of
the ego; however, the superego does not possess the energy or lacks energy
unlike the ego. The superego demands perfection that is unrealistic because it
lacks a connection with reality, also unlike with the ego. The subsystems of
the superego are the ego-ideal and conscience. As a result of receiving rewards
for ideal behavior the ego-ideal develops and it relays what behavior should occur.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
As a result of experiences of punishment in regard for abnormal
behaviors, conscience develops and it is as a reference for guiding what
behavior should not occur. The superego’s purpose is as for a means of control
for sexual and aggressive impulses. However, it cannot produce processes of
repression; therefore, it orders the ego to do so (Feist & Feist, 2009). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Jung’s
Analytic Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In regard to Jung’s Analytic Psychology, he took into account that
the psyche or mind was split into three areas; the conscious ego, the personal
unconscious, and the collective unconscious (Friedman & Schustack, 2012).
The ego developed around four years age is similar to Freud’s belief of the
ego, and is conscious element of personality embodying a sense of self. The
personal unconscious holds feelings as well as thoughts that are not aspects of
the conscious awareness; although, thoughts are accessible (Friedman &
Schustack, 2012). Friedman and Schustack (2012), “the personal unconscious
contains thoughts and urges that are simply unimportant at present as well as
those that have been actively repressed because of their ego-threatening
nature” (p. 109). The collective unconscious consists of unconsciousness that
is at deeper level and comprised of archetypes or emotional transpersonal
symbols that are powerful. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Friedman and Schustack (2012), “the presence of such archetypes or
emotional patterns predisposes us to react in predictable ways to common,
recurring stimuli” (p. 109). Adler developed Individual Psychology because of
his beliefs that individuals’ motivations were unique and because of how
important individuals’ perceived niche is in society (Friedman & Schustack,
2012). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Adler’s
Individual Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Adler believed that striving for superiority is personality’s
central core. Therefore, individuals will feel inferior when overwhelmed with a
sense of helplessness, and when experiencing events that leave them with a
sense of powerlessness. An inferiority complex will develop when feelings
become pervasive (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Individuals may fabricate a
superiority complex to maintain a sense of self-worth when they struggle to
overcome an inferiority complex. In regard to human motivations Adler’s beliefs
changed over time; therefore, his theory changed. Alder developed the concepts
of organ inferiority, aggression drive, masculine protest, and perfection
striving; as well as the identifying fundamental social issues such as
occupational, societal, and love tasks with the evolution of his theory. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Agreed and Disagreed upon Characteristics<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In regards to agreement of characteristics of theories, agreement
occurs with Jung’s notion that development of personality still occurred into
adulthood, and partially with Adler in regard to individuals being responsible
for their own personality. Disagreement occurs with Freud’s notion that stages of
development related to erogenous zones and with the notion that the development
of personality was without choice. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>The Stages of Freud’s Theory and
Characteristics of Personality<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
In
regard to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, he developed stages of personality
development; whereas he assumed the development of personality indeed occurred
in stages. The more so crucial developmental stage is the infantile stage that occurs
in the first four or five years of development; whereas, infants possess a
sexual life. During this stage an infant will progress through a developmental
period of sexuality referred to as pregenital. Three phases occur during this
stage referred to as the oral, the anal, and the phallic phases. What occurs in
the oral, anal, and phallic phases is that the main erogenous zone progresses
through salient development. The mouth is the particular erogenous zone during
the oral phase. While the anus is the particular erogenous zone during the anal
phase and the penis is the particular erogenous zone during the phallic phase.
The infantile stage yields insight into how personality develops through each
phase and why particular behaviors occur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Uses of Freudian Defense Mechanisms</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Freudian defense mechanisms are processes distorting reality as a
means of protecting the ego (Friedman & Schustack, 2011). One defense
mechanism is repression; which is a means of using the unconscious to store threatening
thoughts. For instance, rape victims who do not seek psychological help after
instances of rape repress instances of rape as a means of forgetting what
occurred to not relive the instance of rape. Another defense mechanism is
reaction formation; which is a means of pushing away threatening impulses
through overemphasis the opposite in actions and thoughts. For instance a
married man would overemphasis the meaning of commitment within marriage to
other individuals, but however he or she may be partaking in an extramarital
affair(s). Also, denial is another defense mechanism; which is a means of
refusing to acknowledge stimuli that provoke anxiety. For instance, individuals
may deny that instances of gambling provokes anxiety but continue to do so as a
means for personal gain. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Psychoanalytic
theories, such as those developed by Freud, Jung, and Adler serve a critical
purpose of explaining the development of personality for varying perspectives. These
theories provide insight into understanding personality. To gain further
insight into Freud’s thoughts of personality development, understanding the
stages of his theory is a necessity. Repression, reaction formation, and denial
are instances of defense mechanisms that individuals use for real-life purposes
as a means to distort reality in order to protect the ego in regard to Freud’s
work as well. </div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a>s</div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009).
Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W., (2011).
Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-52542439755902680402014-09-29T23:59:00.002-04:002014-09-29T23:59:38.934-04:00Personality Reflection Worksheet<div class="APA" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How would you define personality?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
To define personality can be somewhat of a difficult task to
complete. Throughout the history of psychology and the history of psychology of
personality numerous theorists developed their own theory in regard to personality
and how and why personality develops. Theorists such as Erik Erikson, Melanie
Klein, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Sigmund Freud, and numerous others developed their
own distinctive theory of personality, because each theorist has had his or her
own individualist view of personality. In the past and currently today, there
is no agreed upon definition of what personality is or how individuals’
personalities develop. Therefore, numerous theories are similar and different in
regard to the concepts that is, as to what constitutes or defines personality. Therefore,
a single definition of personality does not exist; although, personality is a
pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that hold consistency
and individuality in regard to the behavior of an individual (Feist &
Feist, 2009). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What are some key personality features that define you?
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
There are numerous personality features or traits that I can use
to define myself. In particular these personality traits are extroverted,
enthusiastic, agreeable, dependable, self-disciplined, calm, emotionally stable,
conscientiousness, sympathetic, warm, and openness or open to new experiences,
but yet complex. Yet still there are other personality traits that can help
define why I see myself also as an empathic and compassionate individual who
can express such empathy and compassion to other individuals without personal gain
or reward.<span style="text-indent: -0.5in;"> </span></div>
<div class="APA">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Are your personality features consistent or do they
change according to the situation? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
I do believe my personality features are consistent within what I
deem as normal circumstances, situations, or environments. Therefore, if I am
in a normal circumstance, situation, or environment my personality features
remain consistent. Even when I introduce myself into circumstances, situations,
or environments that I do not deem as normal my personality features remain consistent.
However, when I am unknowingly become part of a circumstance, situation, or
environment that is not what I consider as normal then some of my personality
features may not remain consistent. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
4. Have you ever taken a personality test
before? If so, what was your reaction to the analysis? If not, what would you
expect a proper test to measure?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Personality tests are one of the five major categories of tests used
in psychology. Personality tests are types of tests that yield critical information
in regard to the personality of individuals and what personality traits individuals
possess. Yes, I have taken a personality test before, and have taken several
different types of personality tests. I find it rather interesting to take personality
tests and to watch other individuals take such test to find out what the
results are. My reaction to the analysis of each test has been similar;
whereas, each test has given almost the same results. Therefore, I find
personality test to be accurate with measuring what traits I believe my
personality consists of. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
5. What would make a
personality test reliable and valid?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Reliability and validity are critical aspects of tests and
personality tests. It is of particular importance and interest that a
personality test has reliability and validity. In regard to being reliable or
reliability, this refers to how consistent a test is or the consistency of
scores that one is expecting to be similar or the same (Friedman & Schustack,
2011). In regard to being valid or validity, this refers to whether a test measures
what it claims to measure or does not and whether or not an individual interpret
the scores of the test in meaningful ways. Therefore, for a personality test to
be reliable and valid it must yield the same results after repeated or retesting,
and it must measure personalities like it claims to and such scores must serve
a meaningful purpose (Feist & Feist, 2009).</div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a></div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Feist, J., & Feist, G. J., (2009).
Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Friedman, H. S., &
Schustack, M. W., (2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research
(5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-92233622485663008642014-09-29T23:59:00.001-04:002014-09-29T23:59:30.436-04:00<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
To understand the nurture vs nature debate in regard to personality one must <span class="HA-spellcheck-fixed">understand</span> what personality is. However, there are numerous <span class="HA-spellcheck-fixed">definitions</span> of what personality is; therefore, a single definition of personality does not exist. Although, personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that are individualistic and consistent to the behavior of an individual (<span class="HA-spellcheck-ignored HA-spellcheck-fixed">Feist</span> & <span class="HA-spellcheck-ignored HA-spellcheck-fixed">Feist</span>, 2009). Numerous factors, such as the environment and heredity can influence an individual's personality and have a factor in developing an individual's personality. Gaining an understanding into how such factors affect an individual's personality enables an understand of how the development of personality occurs. I believe that both heredity and environment or environmental circumstances play factor in the development of personality. For instance, numerous tin studies show that twins raised in the same home by the same parents or caregivers can develop differing personalities (Feist & Feist, 2009) </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="APAReference" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<a class="mceItemAnchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0" style="-webkit-user-modify: read-only; -webkit-user-select: all; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/application/tiny_mce/themes/advanced/skins/classroom/img/items.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; cursor: default; display: inline-block; height: 11px !important; width: 11px !important;"></a>Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.</div>
<div class="APA" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-27652737575440058322014-09-29T23:59:00.000-04:002014-09-29T23:59:19.835-04:00Why might understanding the psychology of personality be a valuable tool?<div class="APA">
Personality psychology is the scientific approach of studying
psychological means that make individuals unique in regard to other individuals
(Friedman & Schustack, 2011). Therefore, understanding the psychology of
personality is a valuable tool that enables an individual or individuals to
gain an understanding of why an individual is unique in regard to being
different than another individual, and enables an individual to gain an
understanding of an individual's or individuals' thought processes and why particular
behaviors occur that are displayed by such an individual or individuals. For
instance, psychologist through an understanding the psychology of personality
are able to understand and implement treatments or therapy numerous clients in
appropriate means designed for each particular individual instead of being
designed as one approach for everyone. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="APA">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APA">
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2011). Personality.
Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-41077864437450382892014-08-10T15:54:00.002-04:002014-08-10T15:54:33.020-04:00Capstone Psychology Essays <div class="APA">
<b>Prior to posting your
essay, perform an anonymous act of kindness. Examples include: helping someone
carry groceries, paying for a stranger’s coffee, donating time or money to a
cause you believe in, and so forth. Describe what you did and what your
experience was. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Numerous years ago a tire on my car blew out while I was taking a weekend
trip from Los Angeles to Las Vegas on highway I-15, and apparently my spare
tire was flat. However, several cars pulled over to check on me seeing that I
had part of my car jacked up but I was not changing the tire, and also I was in
the desert. One gentleman (whose name I have forgotten) offered to drive me to
the nearest gas station so I could put air in my spare tire and see about
getting a new tire to replace my blown tire. Also, this gentleman drove me back
to my car which was in the opposite direction that he was traveling; with a new
tire and a blown up spare. Ever since that day I tend to stop and help anyone I
see who is having car trouble in order to help in any possible way. Just a few
days ago I noticed a gentleman trying to push his truck out of the street
through a curve and into a parking lot; therefore, I pulled to the side of the
rode and helped him push. Also, another gentleman got the same idea and also
helped push the other gentleman’s truck out of the road. Whenever I stop to
help anyone I never expect anything in return except for a thank you. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="APA">
<b>Compare the respective
roles of altruism, personal and professional social responsibility, and
codependency. Also, discuss how altruism applies to psychology or psychological
principles?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Altruism is the reverse of selfishness; therefore, an altruistic
individual is helpful and concerned for other individuals even when benefits
are not expected or offered in return (Myers, 2010). Altruism is also a motive
to increase other individuals’ welfare with a conscious disregard for the
altruistic individual’s self-interest (Myers, 2010). Also, altruism that is
empathy-induced can boost psychological and physical well-being (Bolt, 2004). Social-responsibility
is a belief whereas individuals ought to help other individuals who are seeking
help without concern for rewards or exchanges in the future both on a personal
and professional level. Co-dependency is a behavior that an individual learns and
or a behavioral condition that can affect his or her ability to form or
maintain a mutually satisfying and healthy relationship. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
In regard to how altruism applies to psychology or psychological
principles, it is through a means of psychologists helping clients or patients
through any means necessary without crossing ethical boundaries. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br /><div class="APA">
<b>How does altruism improve
the human condition? Are there limits to altruism? What are some personal and
professional responsibilities related to altruism? What is the future of
psychology, specifically in relation to altruism?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Altruism that is empathy-induced can boost psychological and
physical well-being (Bolt, 2004). Therefore, the inner rewards of altruism,
such as when individuals feel good about themselves after helping an individual
up off the floor after they have fallen or holding a door open for an
individual can offset negative feelings and thoughts that are detrimental to
the human condition. Such behavior also offsets the negative feelings and
thoughts of the individuals who were helped. Indeed there are limits to
altruism. The limits of altruism are when such unselfish regard can potentially
jeopardize the well-being of patients or clients or oneself. Professional and
personal responsibilities related to altruism are that professionally and
personally individuals must behave in an unselfish regard for devotion to other
individuals when appropriate and necessary.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
In order for psychology to have a positive future and maintain a furthered
positive future of helping individuals with psychological and behavioral
disorders and problems, altruism must be a factor. Current and future
psychologists and other psychological professionals must be altruistic psychologists
and psychological professionals who are helpful and concerned with the
well-being of their patients or clients without regard for rewards, exchanges
or future exchanges. The future of psychology depends on psychologists and
other psychological professionals acting in accordance with altruistic ideas
and by aiming to serve patients and clients authentically before taking part in
fulfilling personal agendas.</div>
<div class="APA">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="APA">
<b>How do you see psychology being
applied to improve the human condition?</b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
In meeting challenges in the past and
continuing to do so in the future, the application of psychology will continue
to shift toward intellectual energy; therefore, studying the positive aspects
of experiences of humans to improve the human condition. Therefore, through its
application, psychology will continue to be and improve being a science of
positive individual traits, of positive subjective experiences, and of positive
institutions that make the promise of improving quality of life and of
preventing numerous pathologies that manifest when life feels meaningless and
bleak.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Which subdiscipline or subdisciplines
within psychology do you believe will become increasingly important in the
future? Why?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Sub-disciplines of psychology such as
comparative, biological, clinical, developmental, cognitive, social, and
industrial/organizational will each become increasingly important in the
future. How so important will one become more so than another is unknown. Therefore,
for instance, industrial/organizational psychology is one sub-discipline that
will become increasingly important because the well-being of individuals is
often affected by an individuals work environment and each week individuals
spend numerous hours in a work environment away from home, intimate partners,
and families. When the work environment affects well-being aversely it can
aversely affect relationships and intimate relationships with other
individuals; therefore, industrial/organizational psychology will become
increasingly important to foster the well-being of individuals and foster the
well-being of their relationships and intimate relationships with other
individuals.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference" style="text-indent: 0in;">Reference</a></div>
<br />
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Bolt, M. (2004). <i>Pursuing Human Strengths: A Positive Psychology Guide</i>. New York,
NY: Worth Publishers.</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Myers, D. G. (2010). <i>Social
Psychology </i>(10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-44439560616675339552014-07-24T20:15:00.000-04:002014-07-24T20:15:15.827-04:00The Diverse Nature of Psychology <div class="APA">
The field of psychology is a scientific discipline of human motivation,
emotion, cognition, and behavior. Plante (2011), “it can be subdivided into
many different specializations, some of which are concerned primarily with
psychological science (experimental psychology) and others of which are
concerned with both psychological science and the application of that science
to real-world problems outside of the research setting” (p. 5). The evolution
of psychology began from philosophical roots and evolved into a discipline of
science separate from philosophy in 1879, with the creation of the first
psychological laboratory by Germany psychologist, Wilhelm Wundt. Today, the
American Psychological Association (APA) lists 54 unique divisions of
psychology, which provides a clear indication of psychology’s diversity
(Hergenhahn & Henley, 2013). Psychology’s diversity is also evident by
evaluating the influence on its major concepts. Within the field of psychology are
several sub-disciplines and subtopics of such sub-disciplines that are of
interest. Such sub-disciplines and subtopics can apply to particular areas
outside of psychology. These sub-disciplines and subtopics also compare to a personal
theoretical perspective. Also, education in psychology will provide contributions
to society in the future. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>The Influence of Diversity on Psychology's Major
Concepts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
As
mentioned before, the APA lists 54 divisions of psychology, which represent
focuses on specific areas and numerous sub-disciplines of psychology
(Hergenhahn & Henley, 2013). Such sub-disciplines of the field of
psychology display vast diversity by covering diverse areas of inquiry; such as
with how abnormal psychology, which investigates abnormal behavior and how biological
psychology investigates how evolution and genetics contribute to influencing behavior.
However, the diversity of psychology expands beyond individual sub-discipline’s
area of inquiry, and extends to and influences psychology’s major concepts. The
major concepts of psychology emphasize varying aspects of human behavior influenced
by the sub-disciplines of psychology, which reflects the diverse nature of sub-disciplines
of psychology.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Sub-disciplines within Psychology, and Subtopics
of those Sub-disciplines<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Indeed,
psychology is a diverse field with sub-disciplines such as abnormal psychology
and biological psychology but because of such diversity numerous other
sub-disciplines exist such as clinical psychology and industrial and
organization psychology (I/O). Clinical psychology and industrial and
organization psychology (I/O) are two particularly interesting sub-disciplines
of psychology. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Clinical
Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
In its use of psychological principles, clinical psychology makes
an attempt at alleviating, predicting, and understanding aspects of human
functioning; such aspects include behavioral, social, psychological, biological,
emotional, and intellectual aspects. Clinical psychologists perform assessments
and treatments for behavioral, emotional, and mental disorders and problems. Certain
clinical psychologists focus on treating specific disorders and problems, such
as clinical depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);
while, other clinical psychologists focus on particular populations, such as adolescents
and young adults. One subtopic of clinical psychology is assessment. Clinical
psychologists use assessments to clarify client’s diagnosis, and for help when
planning services or treatments.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Industrial
and Organizational Psychology (I/O)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Plante (2011), “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has
borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines”
(p. 4). I/O psychologists work within organizations by applying research
methods and psychological principles to the workplace with the intention of improving
the quality of work life and productivity (Landrum & Davis, 2010). One
subtopic of I/O psychology is employee testing. I/O psychologists use employee
testing to help organizations determine if a potential employee has the appropriate
behavior and workplace skills to foster organizational objectives and goals. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Practical Application of Sub-disciplines<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b> </b>The diverse nature of psychology
is evident by means of the implications of psychological discovery providing a variety
of applications in various venues in contemporary society. For instance, the
application of I/O psychology is a means of studying the effects of workplace
stressors on individuals in regard to how such effects hinder individuals’
abilities to perform to and meet standards set forth by the organization. Also,
such an application of I/O psychology promotes and fosters the well-being of
employees by means of assessing employees and reporting such findings to officials
of the organization; thereby, enabling such officials of an organization to
implement workplace changes to promote and foster the well-being of employees and
a healthy work environment. Thereby, allowing officials of an organization to improve
employee socialization, performance, retention, and morale. Which is just one
instance of the practical applications of one sub-discipline of psychology, but
because of the diverse nature of psychology, there are numerous applications of
various sub-disciplines. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Comparing Subdisciplines and Subtopics to Personal
Theoretical Perspective<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
My
personal beliefs about psychological theory are similar, if not the same as
theories of cognitive psychology or as in cognitive perspectives. To understand
the behavior of individuals, and why behavior occurs, one must understand the
mental processes of individuals or what occurs in an individual’s mind.
Therefore, by applying measures of clinical psychology as a clinical
psychologist, in my future such as analyzing and treating psychological and
behavioral disorders and problems I can try to enhance the well-being and
health of clients. Therefore, through means of using integrative evidence-based
approaches of contemporary clinical psychology I can affect the well-being of
clients by means of understanding, addressing, treating, and possibly
preventing human psychological disabilities.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Contribution to Society<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<b> </b>My contributions to society, as
a result, of my education in psychology occur today, by means of how I approach
and treat other individuals because I have an understanding of why behavior
occurs and what affects an individual’s behavior. My future contributions to
society will occur as a clinical psychologist by way of assessing, treating,
and using psychotherapy to help clients who suffer from psychological and
behavioral disorders and problems. Thereby, affecting or improving the
well-being and health of clients and significantly affecting well-being of
society. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Psychology is a diverse field of science, and such diversity has a
significant influence on the major concepts of psychology. Psychology also has
numerous sub-disciplines and thereby, subtopics of such sub-disciplines that
can apply to various venues in contemporary society, and the sub-discipline of cognitive
psychology is similar to my personal theoretical perspective by means helping
me understand why behavior occurs. Also, this sub-discipline and its subtopics allow
me to apply the measures of another sub-discipline that is clinical psychology
to contribute to society in the future. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a></div>
<br />
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Hergenhahn, B. & Henley, T. (2013).
<i>An Introduction to the History of
Psychology </i>(7<sup>th</sup> ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<div class="APAReference">
Landrum, E. &
Davis, S. F. (2010). <i>The Psychology
Major: Career Options and Strategies For Success </i>(4 ed.). Pearson Education.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Plante, T.G. (2011). <i>Contemporary
Clinical Psychology</i> (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-59910572566488385332014-07-19T23:09:00.001-04:002014-07-19T23:09:19.698-04:00By diversity in psychology, I'm referring to the many diverse subdisciplines in the field, not cultural diversity. Why should it be considered a strength or a challenge?<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Diversity in the field of psychology
can be considered a strength and a challenge. Having diverse subdisciplines in
the field of psychology allows students to gain critical knowledge, abilities,
and skills in regard to having a successful career in psychology. That is,
being beneficial in regard to assessing, testing, and treating clients. As well
as in regard to performing research and teaching, and such knowledge, skills
and abilities can be very impressive and desirable for potential employers
(Landrum & Davis, 2010). Also, diverse subdisciplines give individuals or
students ample careers opportunities, that is, in regard to a diverse choice of
subdisciplines to concentrate on or more than one subdisciplines to concentrate
on. However, learning from and about diverse subdisciplines can be a challenge.
There is an enormous amount of knowledge to gain and retain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Landrum, E., & Davis, S. F.
(2010). The Psychology Major: Career Options and Strategies For Success (4
ed.). Pearson Education.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-78345908789697489182014-07-19T23:09:00.000-04:002014-07-19T23:09:02.995-04:00How is the field of psychology similar to other sciences? How is it different? Do you believe that psychology should be classified as a science? Why or why not?<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> The field of psychology is similar to other
sciences by means of using similar methods when conducting research, such as
empirical studies and the scientific method. However, psychology differs from
other sciences because psychologists focus on mental processes and behaviors.
Therefore, indeed I do believe that psychology should be classified as a
science. Psychology is a scientific discipline that uses the scientific method
to investigate psychological phenomena, and for arriving at scientific truths
in regard to the causes and treatments for psychological and behavioral
disorders and problems. Therefore, psychology uses the scientific method to
study mental processes and behaviors. Also, when psychologists conduct research
they embrace scientific values when gathering and analyzing data quantitatively
is by using statistics.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-16716720469722863882014-07-06T19:37:00.004-04:002014-07-06T19:37:50.555-04:00The Practice of Clinical Psychology Worksheet<div class="APA">
1. What are at least
two legal issues associated with clinical psychology? Provide an example of a
situation that could be legal but unethical. Explain your response.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
In clinical psychology, numerous legal issues exist, and clinical
psychologists must abide by and adhere to legal standards. Two legal issues in
particular are obtaining written informed consent and maintain confidentiality.
Clinical psychologists must obtain written informed consent when from a client
or patient whenever treatments or experiments involve a client or patient. A client
or patient can withdraw informed consent at any given point and time during
treatments or experiments; therefore, once a patient or client withdraws
informed consent, treatments and experiments must cease. In regard to
maintaining confidentiality, clinical psychologists must maintain
confidentiality and never disclose the records of a client or patient unless
ordered by law. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
An example of an instance that is legal but unethical is a judge
ordering a clinical psychologist to break confidentiality and provide
information about a particular client or patient without the client’s or
patient’s consent. The Ethics Code prohibits a clinical psychologist from releasing
the records of a client or patient without his or her consent (Plante, 2011).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<br /></div>
<div class="APA">
2. What are at least
two ethical issues associated with clinical psychology? Provide an example of a
situation that could be ethical but illegal. Explain your response.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dual relationships are an ethical issue of concern with clinical
psychology; another ethical issue is competence. Dual relationships are an
ethical violation that commonly occurs and can compromise a psychologist’s work
in regard to effectiveness, and such relationships can also be exploitive to
clients and patients. In regard to competence, a clinical psychologist has to maintain
competence in his or her area(s) of specialization (Plante, 2011). Therefore, a
psychologist can only provide service(s) for which he or she has appropriate
experience and training. Also, a psychologist has to stay continually
up-to-date, in regard to any advances in his or her field(s). Staying
up-to-date needs to occur in order to make sure he or she possess skills that
are state-of-the-art, and this may include ongoing efforts in seeking continued
education (Plante, 2011). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
An instance of an occurrence that can be ethical but illegal is
not disclosing to law enforcement agencies that a client who is a reviled that
he or she was sexually abused. Not reporting child sexual abuse can be illegal,
but ethical because a psychologist maintained confidentiality. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<br /></div>
<div class="APA">
3. Define
professional boundaries, boundary crossings, and boundary violations. What
effects do boundaries have on the therapeutic relationship?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Professional boundaries, boundary crossings, and boundary
violations are critical concerns in regard to clinical psychology and
psychologists, and can become problems for psychologists, and turn into issues
in regards to a psychologist and his or her client(s). Professional boundaries are
boundaries maintained and set between, for instance, a psychologist and clients;
whereas, a psychologist does not abuse his or her power as a means of taking
advantage of his or her relationships with his or her clients (Plante, 2011). Boundary
crossings occur as deviations in regard to and across professional boundaries
that may be as errors or oversights. Boundary violations occur when
psychologists become confused in regard to their needs with the needs of their clients,
and may take advantage of the professional relationships with clients for personal
gains. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Boundaries, when observed, allow therapeutic relationships to be
effective in regard to the therapy of clients. However, when boundaries are not
observed therapeutic relationships become ineffective and can affect clients
aversively, and then psychologists become in danger of violations of ethical
and legal standards. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<br /></div>
<div class="APA">
4. What are at least
two cultural limitations associated with assessment and treatment? In your
response, discuss the use or misuse of assessment instruments, therapy
techniques, research results, or any other facet of clinical practice that
could have potentially harmful, culture-specific implications.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Clients have varying cultural differences; therefore, clients have
varying expectations and needs that can hinder assessments and treatments. Cultural
differences can lead to cultural limitations associated with assessments and
treatments; therefore, clinical psychologists have to possess a level of
understanding and respect for such differences. Cultural values and cultural
beliefs are cultural limitations associated with assessments and treatments.
For instance, in Western cultural beliefs in regard to killings of domesticated
animals, such behavior is seen as possible signs of psychological and
behavioral disorders and problems. However, other cultures regard such behavior
as a means of survival or expressing cultural beliefs. Also, cultural values
and beliefs even differ between minority status individuals and individuals
viewed as the majority of the population of society. Therefore, clinical psychologists
have to develop appropriately culturally informed intervention techniques and strategies
in regard to clients (Plante, 2011). </div>
<div class="APA">
Without an understanding of cultural
differences, psychologists may misuse therapy techniques, assessment instruments,
and falsify research results as a means of gaining biased results based on his
or her beliefs. Without an understanding of such cultural differences of
clients, such misunderstandings can hinder assessments and options of treatment.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Plante, T.G. (2011). <i>Contemporary Clinical Psychology</i> (3rd
ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc<br />
<div class="APAReference">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-72140272255898116402014-07-06T19:37:00.000-04:002014-07-12T16:45:53.867-04:00What are the most common ethical violations in clinical psychology? What do you think contributes to a clinician acting unethically?<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;"> Psychologists,
no matter the professional field are expected to and must maintain the highest
professional ethics in any activities one takes part in or conducts constantly
(Plante, 2011). Within psychology, psychological professionals must adhere to
adopted ethical guidelines more so greatly than laws; especially when
conducting research on individuals and treating clients. Ethical guidelines
became of a greater concern when the formation of the ethics committee occurred
by the American Psychological Association (APA) in the 1930s, and more so of a
concern when the first set of ethical principles were developed in 1953, by the
APA (Plante, 2011). The most common ethical violations in clinical psychology
committed by psychologists involve patient confidentiality, and numerous
occurrences of these violations occurred when psychologists broke
confidentiality with disregard for the permission of patients. Also, when
legally and ethically required, psychologists refuse to break confidentiality
in the instances of reporting child abuse to state child protective services or
the police (Plante, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;"> Other
common ethical violations include insurance/fee misbehavior, nonsexual dual
relationships, and sexual misconduct or sexual relationship with a patient
(Plante, 2011). When ethical violations occur, clients or patients are put at
risk which can have an aversive affect in regard to treatment(s). However,
behavior abiding by professional or ethical guidelines occurs with the majority
of clinical psychologist. It may be difficult to determine why a minority of
clinicians act unethically; each clinician that does behave in such a manner
has his or her own reasons. However, I believe that what contributes to a
clinician acting unethically unresolved problems that occur in a clinician's
life that they do not seek help for which affects them in a aversive manner and
cloud their judgment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="line" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="line" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Plante,
T.G. (2011). Contemporary Clinical Psychology (3rd ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-55724681438276258952014-07-06T19:36:00.001-04:002014-07-06T19:36:58.764-04:00What is multicultural counseling? How important is this approach in today’s society?<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> There
can be and are numerous and varying difficulties of racial and cultural
minorities in regard to mainstream cultures that multicultural counseling is a
means of addressing; however, multicultural counseling is an approach of
counseling that is more complex and broader than addressing these issues. Ivey,
Ivey, and Simek-Morgan (1997), "multicultural counseling as a
metatheoretical approach that recognizes that all helping methods ultimately exists
within a cultural context (p. 134). The assumptions of mainstream culture </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;">discriminatory</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> practices against racial and cultural minorities are what
multicultural counseling is based on. Relatively, multicultural counseling is a
new approach that offers practical methods developed for enhancing practices
that can be integrated into current approaches. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="line">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Multicultural
counseling has numerous issues it can address and has numerous goals in regard
to clients, such as reconciliation, helping clients to avoid marginalization
and further marginalization, addressing cultural and racial discrimination,
issues of cultural and racial identity development, attaining higher levels of
development, and coping with post-traumatic stress (Nelson-Jones, 2002). As
well as assisting clients to manage close cross-cultural relationships and
intergenerational conflict, with long-stay transients, expatriates, gender role
and gender equality issues, acculturation and assimilation, and assisting with
long-stay transients and expatriates (Nelson-Jones, 2002). As the society
becomes more interconnected, addressing such issues and achieving such goals
makes multicultural counseling increasingly important for society and clients.
In today's society new approaches of counseling are of importance because
society is continually changing. Therefore, changes that adhere to or go along
with the continual changes of society can often be beneficial.</span></div>
<div class="line" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">References</span></div>
<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Ivey,
A.E., Ivey, M.B. & Simek-Morgan, L. (1997). Counselling and Psychotherapy:
a Multicultural Perspective, (4th Ed). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Nelson-Jones,
R. (2002). Diverse Goals for Multicultural Counselling and Therapy. Counselling
Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 133-143.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-55233491047498266952014-07-06T19:36:00.000-04:002014-07-06T19:36:37.199-04:00Professional Interview and Response<div class="APA">
Interviewee: Dr. George Ritchie Ph.D., Clinical Psychologist<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• In what setting do you practice? How long have you been
practicing?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dr. Ritchie shares a practice with two other clinical
psychologists. He has been a practicing clinical psychologist since 1985;
however, he taught as a professor for five years while building a private
practice with two other clinical psychologists. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What are your specialties or areas of clinical focus?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dr. Ritchie specializes in clinical psychology, clinical child
& adolescent psychology, adult psychology, and behavioral and cognitive psychology.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What are the most common disorders you treat?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Common disorders Dr. Ritchie treats are attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), adjustment disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar
disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit disorder
(ADD), panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• Do you have any special certifications or training beyond your
original graduate coursework?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Yes, certifications or training: the American Board of
Professional Psychology (ABPP) certification, applied suicide intervention
skills training (ASIST), and continual training in cognitive–behavioral therapy
(CBT)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• How do you approach therapy or treatment? Do you use specific
modalities, techniques, or interventions?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dr. Ritchie believes in the importance of connecting with his
patients in a means that will promote the processes. He believes in using evidence-based
treatments proven as effective means for the conditions he treats; as well as
Gottman's marital therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based
cognitive therapy (MBCT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Dr. Ritchie takes
a caring yet direct approach with his clients.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What ethical and legal issues do you think are the most
challenging or common?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
For Dr. Ritchie, ethical and legal issues that he thinks are most
challenging or common is maintaining a client’s confidentiality; especially,
when clients are children, adolescents, and young adults.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• Do you have an opinion on where you think the field of
psychology is heading?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Yes, Dr. Ritchie believes that the field of psychology is heading
in a growing direction that is ever expanding in regard to treating clients and
patients for varying backgrounds. Also, he is glad to see psychologists are
starting to look less like him (a resemblance to Sigmund Freud), and that more
resembles society. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What do you enjoy most about your work?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dr. Ritchie enjoys most when clients accept and enjoy who they are
and are able to reestablish functional relationships with friends and family. Also,
he enjoys helping clients make positive changes in their lives. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What advice would you provide an aspiring psychologist or
therapist?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Dr. Ritchie advises that aspiring psychologists or therapists should
also find a psychologist to see to lessen the burden of the interactions
between themselves and clients or patients, and in regard to how providing
empathy and compassion for clients or patients can be overwhelming.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<br /></div>
<div class="APA">
Interviewee: Johanna Covault, Johanna holds a master's degree in
social work <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• In what setting do you practice? How long have you been
practicing?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
As a social worker and rape crisis volunteer coordinator, Johanna
works in human service agencies, such as domestic violence centers and hospitals.
She has been working as a social worker for 14 years. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What are your specialties or areas of clinical focus?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Johanna’s specialties are working with survivors of child abuse,
sexual violence, and domestic violence.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What are the most common disorders you treat?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
The most common disorders that Johanna encounters are
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• Do you have any special certifications or training beyond your
original graduate coursework?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Yes, certifications or training: Certified Domestic Violence
Counselor (CDVC), Certified Forensic Counselor (CFC), Certified Sex Offender
Treatment Specialist (CSOTS), domestic violence education, and victim advocacy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• How do you approach therapy or treatment? Do you use specific
modalities, techniques, or interventions?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Therapy or treatment approaches occur through family, couples, and
individual counseling, trauma-informed counseling, post-traumatic stress
debriefings, and play therapy for children. Johanna uses techniques such as
support groups, safety planning, and continuing support.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What ethical and legal issues do you think are the most
challenging or common?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
The most challenging ethical and legal issues that are most common
for Johanna involve courtroom and victim advocacy; whereas, Johanna helps
victims and the local police department prove cases of rape and abuse. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• Do you have an opinion on where you think the field of
psychology is heading?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Not exactly, but Johanna believes the field of psychology has an
important role in terms of her helping and counseling victims. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What do you enjoy most about your work?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
What Johanna enjoys most is being an advocate for women and
children of domestic violence and abuse. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
• What advice would you provide an aspiring psychologist or
therapist?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Gain experience through volunteering before beginning graduate
work to help determine the appropriate career path. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Similarities and Differences of Approaches
of treatment and Settings<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
As for the professional interviewees’ approaches to treatment in
their settings, there are varying similarities and differences. In regard to
the professional interviewees, one being a clinical psychologist or doctor in a
particular field of psychology, and the other being a social worker; there are similarities
and differences of approaches to treatment, and the settings where treatment
occurs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Similarities and Differences<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-indent: 0in;">
Some similarities exist between how a
clinical psychologist and a social worker approach the treatment of a client
and in what settings treatment occurs; that is in regard to therapy and the empathy
and compassion that clients receive. However, numerous differences exist. Differences
of approaches to treatment, and the settings where treatment occurs is a result
of differing educational backgrounds, and the differences between the roles of
a clinical psychologist and social worker. It is easy to suspect that differing
educational backgrounds will lead to differences in approaches to treatment;
but, there can also be similarities. However, clinical psychological background
provides a clinical psychologist a means of using and applying psychological
principles and approaches to treatment. Psychologists receive training or education
in psychological principles and approaches that focus on the connections
between the brain and disorders and behavior, methods of treating psychological
and behavior disorders and problems, and research. <b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Whereas, a social worker can have some background in psychology
but not as a concentrated background in psychology as a clinical psychologist;
therefore, approaches may not always stem from a psychological stance. Important
Role of Social Workers (2012), “social work is based on humanitarian and
egalitarian ideals and is dedicated to helping individuals, families, groups
and communities improve or enhance their social well-being” (p. 1). Social
workers receive training or education in helping individual cope with and solve
problems that affect their lives and well-being. As a clinical psychologist, Dr.
Ritchie approaches treatment in a clinical and private practice setting by
applying interviewing techniques, psychological testing, and assessments to
determine what if a client is suffering from any psychological and behavioral
disorders and problems (Plante, 2011). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
Once uncovering any psychological and behavioral disorders and
problems, Dr. Ritchie applies approaches such as cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based,
and acceptance and commitment therapies as means of treatment. As a social
workers, Johanna Covault approaches treatment in public human service agencies
by assessing the problems of clients. With a historical involvement in
psychotherapy social workers such as Johanna Covault use therapies such as family,
couples, individual, and group therapies to help clients heal from
psychological or mental, psychical, and sexual abuse (Lieberman, 1987). Similar
to one of the functions of a clinical psychologist; however, a clinical
psychologist has an invested interest in diagnosis and treatment along with
therapy (Mitchell, 1919). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
While some of what these two professionals do in regard to
approaches to treatment is similar in nature along the lines of therapy and empathy
and compassion for clients, there are also distinctive differences. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a></div>
<br />
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Important Role of Social Workers.
(2012, Mar 13). <i>The Bugle-Observer</i>
Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/927676202?accountid=458<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<div class="APAReference">
Lieberman, F. (1987).
Psychotherapy and the Clinical Social Worker. <i>American Journal of Psychotherapy</i>, 41(3), 369-383.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
Mitchell, D. (1919).
The Clinical Psychologist. <i>The Journal of
Abnormal Psychology</i>, 14(5), 325-332. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/614908371?accountid=458<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Plante, T.G. (2011). <i>Contemporary Clinical Psychology</i> (3rd
ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-52840370205740281522014-06-29T15:25:00.000-04:002014-06-29T15:25:50.265-04:00Does psychotherapy work for all disorders listed in the DSM? Identify the disorders that outcome research suggests have the best success rate.<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a classification of mental disorders that numerous mental health professionals use (American Psychiatric Association, 2014). The intended use of the DSM is applicable in a variety of contexts and researchers and clinicians use it in numerous orientations. The newest edition of the DSM or DSM-5 was designed for the purpose of use in clinical settings such as within clinics and private practices (American Psychiatric Association, 2014). Numerous mental health professionals use the DSM such as clinical psychologists as a reference or means of help with determining if a patient is suffering from a specific mental illness. In regard to disorders listed in the DSM, psychotherapy is an effective measure for treating numerous disorders it lists. Psychotherapy is an intentional and informed application of interpersonal stances and clinical methods taken from established psychological principles as a means of modifying the emotions, cognitions, behavior of individuals in a direction deemed desirable by that particular individual (Plante, 2011).</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
Plante (2011), "psychotherapy is the general umbrella term for an enormous range of interventions, modalities, and integrative strategies employed in the service of improving quality of life and health" (p. 247). Therefore, psychotherapy is an effective means of treatment for disorders such as eating disorders, depressive disorders, personality disorders, and anxiety disorders. Specifically, psychotherapy is a means of treatment for disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorder. During psychotherapy, patients can learn about their problems, behavior, thoughts, and feelings, and gain stress management skills; which, is why it is an effective means of treating numerous disorders listed in the DSM.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
References</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<em>American Psychiatric Association</em>. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.psych.org/practice/dsm</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
Plante, T.G. (2011). <em>Contemporary Clinical Psychology</em> (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-39426589078241923102014-06-29T15:24:00.000-04:002014-06-29T15:33:30.450-04:00What are the stages of therapy? Describe each stage and its goal.<div class="APA">
The development and treatment goals stages involves a psychologist
informing a patient of treatment goals by a means of using either formal or
less formal instruments for completion of such a process. The goal of this
stage is to outline a treatment plan. The implementation of treatment stage
involves a psychologist implementing the treatment plan with his or her
patient. The goal of this stage is to meet the actual treatment goals. The
evaluation of treatment stage involves a psychologist making an evaluation of
his or her patient's treatment to determine the effectiveness of the treatment
plan, and to determine if it should be altered or terminated (Plante, 2011).
The termination of treatment stage involves just that, a psychologist
terminating a his or her patient's treatment plan once treatment goals are
completed. The follow-up stage involves a psychologist following up with his or
her patient to determine if achieved changes were maintained after terminating
treatment.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="APA">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Plante, T.G. (2011).
Contemporary Clinical Psychology (3rd ed). Hoboken NJ: Wiley & Son</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-36645031292313775302014-06-21T11:07:00.002-04:002014-06-21T11:07:45.071-04:00Identify at least one contributor to each of the four theoretical approaches in clinical psychology, along with his or her specific theories or views about human behavior. Which of the four approaches do you find most interesting? <div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
The four theoretical approaches in clinical psychology are the psychodynamic approach, the behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches, the humanistic approach, and the family systems approach (Plante, 2011). Each of these four approaches can be considered as resulting effects of Sigmund Freud's work; whereas, others either tried to further Freud's work or discredit his work which led to other theories that were either the result of further previous theories or as a result of opposing them. The psychodynamic approach is a product of Freud's work; whereas, Freud held the belief that human behavior was the result of conflict between three mental structures which are the id, ego, and superego (Plante, 2011). The behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches where a result of B. F. Skinner's and other's work; whereas human behavior occurred as a result of learning and conditioning (classical and operant). The humanistic approach was partially the result of Abraham Maslow's work; whereas, Maslow held the belief that human behavior was motivated in order to achieve particular needs. The family system approach was partially the result of Virginia Satir's work; whereas, shel held the belief that human behavior was the result of families acting covertly or overtly as a means of achieving a balanced relationship (Plante, 2011).</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
Of these four approaches, I find the humanistic approach as one of the most interesting. Of course it can be seen that human behavior occurs as the result of needs and once needs are met, individuals continue to behave in a manner to continue to meet such needs. Needs are indeed a driving force that influence behavior.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word;">
Reference</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Plante, T. G. (2011). <em>Contemporary Clinical Psychology</em> (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-53211669836192236282014-06-21T11:07:00.000-04:002014-06-21T11:07:14.496-04:00What types of methods and testing instruments do psychologists use to make a diagnosis? Which ones do you think are most effective?<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;"> Certain
methods and testing instruments are critical components of clinical psychology
that enable clinical psychologists to effectively diagnosis clients and
patients. Psychologists use a variety of methods and testing instruments to
make a diagnosis in regard to what is causing the problem or problems that
clients and patients are suffering from. Such a diagnosis is a necessity when
effectively trying to alleviate the cause of a client's and patient's
suffering. Often it is necessary for psychologists to establish a rapport with
clients and patients first before using certain methods and testing
instruments, because establishing such a rapport can lessen the stress that
clients and patients may suffer from when establishing a new client or patient
relationship with a psychologist. Such stress can affect the results of certain
methods and testing instruments when diagnosing clients and patients. Also,
such a rapport may enable a psychologist to determine if a clients or patients
are being honest when answering items from testing instruments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;"> Such methods and testing instruments that
psychologists employ for diagnosis purposes are interviews (structured and not
structured), self-monitoring procedures and methods, self-reports such as
questionnaires and inventories, behavioral monitoring, surveys, and
psychological tests. In regard to my beliefs about the most effective methods
and testing instruments, I believe that psychological testing is the most
effective means for making a diagnosis of a client or patient. Psychological
tests have the potential, if used appropriately to diagnosis clients and
patients for assessing or diagnosing various psychological and behavioral
disorders and problems such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and other
problems such as the root of relationship problems (Plante, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="line" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="line">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Plante, T.G. (2011). Contemporary Clinical Psychology
(3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-23694165968428288872014-06-14T17:48:00.000-04:002014-06-14T17:48:02.283-04:00Examination of Clinical Psychology<div class="APA">
As a major field of psychology, clinical psychology focuses on understanding,
the assessment, and treatment of behavioral and psychological disorders and problems.
Plante (2011), “in fact, clinical psychology focuses its efforts on the ways in
which the human psyche interacts with physical, emotional, and social aspects
of health and dysfunction” (p. 5). It makes an attempt at using the principles
of psychology to alleviate, predict, and understand behavioral, social,
psychological, biological, emotional, and intellectual components of human
functioning (Plante, 2011). Also, it makes use the principles of human behavior
for assisting individuals with various concerns and problems experienced during
one’s lifespan in their physical selves, emotions, and in relationships
(Plante, 2011). Clinical psychology has a vast history and evolving nature. Research
and statistics hold a significant role in regard to this major field of
psychology. As a field of psychology, clinical psychology shares some
similarities with and other professions; such as school psychology, psychiatry,
and social work, but numerous differences do exist that distinguish it from these
and other disciplines. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>The History of Clinical Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Clinical psychology as a field developed from the discipline psychology,
which in turn developed from philosophy. The thoughts and ideas of numerous
philosophers such as one of the most influential thinkers ever, Sigmund Freud, in
regard to the human mind and behavior, sparked the foundation of what is known
as psychology today. However, psychology did not develop into a discipline distinct
from philosophy until 1879. At this point, at the University of Leipzig in
Germany, German philosopher Wilhelm Wundt, also known as the father of
experimental psychology developed the first psychological laboratory, which
resulted in the formation of psychology as a discipline distinct from
philosophy (Plante, 2011). Also, what contributed to psychology becoming a distinct
discipline occurred in 1892, with the formation of the American Psychological
Association (APA). Four years after this development at the University of
Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, American psychologist Lightner
Witmer opened the first psychological clinic (Watson, 1953). Hence, this resulted
in the emergence of clinical psychology as a field of psychology. In regard to
specialty areas of psychology, clinical psychology is the more so popular area.
Plante (2011), “today clinical psychology is a complex and diverse field
encompassing numerous subspecialties and a continuum of scientific and
practitioner-focused enterprises” (p. 31). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>The Evolving Nature of Clinical Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Despite the APA lacking an interest in clinical psychology because
of a primary interest in scientific research occurring in an academic setting
and not of clinical applications, clinical psychology still grows at a rapid
pace in the twentieth century during the first two decades (Plante, 2011). At
this point, clinical psychology grew rapidly in spite of the rejection of the APA.
However, this is not the determining factor of the evolving tendency of
clinical psychology. One reason clinical psychology is ever evolving is because
of Sigmund Freud’s influential thoughts and work that helped mold the direction
of clinical psychology. Numerous psychologists have either sought to disprove Freud’s
work and develop other schools of thought in regard to the human mind and
behavior or sought to further Freud’s work. Although, clinical psychology instinctively
has an evolving nature because of its concern to understand, assess, and treat behavioral
and psychological disorders and problems. Therefore, clinical psychology
continually uses research and the scientific method to develop a better understandings,
assessments, and treatments of such disorders and problems. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>The Role of Research and Statistics in
Clinical Psychology<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Integrated into clinical psychology’s foundation is research. Applied
and basic research enables clinical psychology to answer questions in regard human
behavior, treatment, and diagnosis of psychological disorders and problems (Plante,
2011). Fundamental to the practice and science of clinical psychology is
research. In regard to statistics, it is an aspect of the scientific method used
in research that enables clinical researchers to collect statistical data that
enables them to determine if significant information is relative to human
behavior, diagnosis, and treatments of psychological disorders and problems. Both
research and statistics play a significant role in clinical psychology. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Clinical Psychology and other Professions<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Numerous differences exist between clinical psychology and other
professions, like psychiatry, social work, and school psychology. For instance,
clinical psychology and psychiatry are two of the most dominant mental health
professions that share a close relationship; whereas, they share a common
interest of treating and understanding mental illness (Haslam & Lusher, 2011).
However, they differ as far as clinical activities, professional training to
become a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist, and various other respects,
such as for beliefs about the treatment, etiology, and nature of mental illness.
As well as differing in practice characteristics, professional roles, scientific
research, and publication of relevant findings in regard to understanding, treating,
and alleviating mental illness (Haslam & Lusher, 2011). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
However, researchers with psychology and psychiatric backgrounds commonly
collaborate and publish with each other, but the journals that they publish in remain
set apart by disciplines. In regard to social work, unlike in psychology, social
workers do not obtain an education as extensive as that of clinical psychologists
and are not as extensively trained in performing research or the use of testing
instruments of psychology as with clinical psychologists (Plante, 2011). In
regard to school psychology, school psychologists usually only obtain an MA in
psychology, and few obtain a Ph.D.; whereas, clinical psychologists obtain a Ph.D.
Also, school psychologists extensively work in special education, secondary,
and elementary schools; whereas, clinical psychologists work in varying
education fields, private and public practices, teach and perform research in
clinical settings. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA">
The major key differences among clinical psychology and other professions
of mental health are that clinical
psychology is an integration of clinical knowledge, theory, and science, that
is, a means to understand, relieve, and prevent psychologically-based dysfunction
or distress; therefore, promoting development and subjective well-being.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="APA" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="APA">
Focusing on assessing, treating, and understanding behavioral and
psychological disorders and problems is the nature of clinical psychology. Clinical
psychology’s history is vast, and it is the foundation of a discipline that has
an evolving nature. Research and statistics have held a critical role; whereas,
enabling clinical psychology to maintain the focus of assessing, treating, and
understanding behavioral and psychological disorders and problems. Numerous differences
exist between clinical psychology and related fields, but the major difference
is the nature of clinical psychology being an integration of clinical
knowledge, theory, and science. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bkReference">Reference</a>s</div>
<div class="APAHeader">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APAReference">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="refBk_0">Haslam, N., & Lusher, D. (2011).
The structure of mental health research: Networks of influence among psychiatry
and clinical psychology journals. <i>Psychological
Medicine, </i>41(12), 2661-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000821<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<div class="APAReference">
Plante, T.G. (2011). <i>Contemporary Clinical Psychology</i> (3rd
ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="APAReference">
Watson, R. I. (1953). A Brief History of Clinical Psychology.
<i>Psychological Bulletin, 50</i>(5),
321-346. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0062847<o:p></o:p></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7567061382755546926.post-16785373062633100272014-06-14T17:47:00.001-04:002014-06-14T17:47:53.530-04:00Why is research needed in clinical psychology? How do clinicians use research to develop effective treatment plans?<div class="MsoNormal">
The significant
concerns of clinical psychology are assessing, understanding, and treating
psychological and behavioral disorders and problems. Clinical psychology,
attempts using the principles of psychology for predicting, understanding, and
alleviating behavioral, social, psychological, biological, emotional, and
intellectual components of human functioning (Plante, 2011). Research is an
integral aspect of clinical psychology in both clinical and academic settings.
Clinical psychology is a science and as a science clinical psychology cannot
blindly assess and treat psychological and behavioral disorders and problems,
or understand psychological and behavioral disorders and problems that can be
detrimental to human functioning. Proceeding in such a blind manner can result
in ineffective treatments and misunderstandings of such disorders and problems
which can result in detrimental harm to human functioning. Therefore, more harm
than good would result in regard to diagnosing or misdiagnosing the problems
affecting clients and patients, and treating clients and patients; because of
blind misunderstandings.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Therefore,
clinical psychology must use research as its foundation through a means of
utilizing the scientific method and psychological principals when conducting
activities or research related to assessing, understanding, and treating
psychological and behavioral disorders and problems. Thereby, clinical
psychologist or clinicians use research to understand and assess psychological
and behavioral disorders and problems, and to develop effective treatment
methods for alleviating the effects of such disorders and problems in regard to
clients and patients. Also, such research allows clinicians to pinpoint which
treatment methods are more effective for particular clients and patients, and
which treatment methods should be used in regard to particular psychological
and behavioral disorders and problems. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Reference</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="APA" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Plante, T. G. (2011). Contemporary Clinical Psychology
(Third ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01874852923512209106noreply@blogger.com0