Part I—Dispelling Myths
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1.
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Fact
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Myth
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Set point theories explain all weight issues in human beings.
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2.
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Fact
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Myth
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Satiety happens when the stomach is distended.
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3.
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Fact
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Myth
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Hunger is controlled in the LMH/VMH areas of the brain.
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4.
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Fact
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Myth
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Peptides in the gut send satiety and hunger signals to the
brain.
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5.
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Fact
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Myth
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The neurotransmitter serotonin is involved in hunger and
satiety.
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6.
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Fact
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Myth
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Settling point theories take lifestyle changes into account.
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7.
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Fact
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Myth
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The nutritive density of the foods we eat play no role in
hunger/satiety.
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8.
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Fact
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Myth
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Set point theories are used to design fad diets and quick fix
diet schemes.
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Part II—Applying What You Know
1.
Sally asked,
“My parents were both obese. Is that why
I am?”
No this is not why you are obese. Although there is a genetic link
for obesity, there is no guarantee that you will be obese because your parents
are; obese people are those whose energy intake has exceeded their energy
output (Pinel, 2011). Your parents, and you may just need to consume more
energy than others which is a sign for a preference for the taste of
high-calorie foods (Pinel, 2011). Rodin, (1985) asserts “some consume more
because they were raised in families and/or cultures that promote excessive
eating; and some consume more because they have particularly large
cephalic-phase responses to the sight or smell of food” (as cited in Pinel,
2011).
2.
Bob asked,
“My girlfriend and I eat together for every meal. We eat the same amounts and types of foods,
but she never gains weight like I do.
Why is that?”
Bob, your girlfriend and you seem to have differences in energy
input and energy output. She may eat the same amount of as you, but her energy
intake may not exceed her energy output. Were as, your energy input exceeds
your energy output. As well as she dissipates excess consumed energy faster
than you. There are also other factors that may affect your girlfriend and you;
like not enough exercise, basal metabolic rate, the ability not to react to fat
increases by diet-induced thermogenesis, and NEAT, which stands for
non-exercise activity thermogenesis (Pinel, 2011). Bob the genetic differences
in you and your girlfriend also factor into energy metabolism and body weight.
3.
Suzy asked,
“I have been seriously dieting for several months. I don’t eat much now because every time I do,
I just feel sick. Do you know why this
is?
Suzy, you seem to be suffering from the disorder called anorexia
nervosa. Brooks and Melnik assert “aversive effects of meals are much greater
in people who have been eating little” (as cited in Pinel, 2011). You have not
been eating enough so there will be adverse effects such as you feeling sick. Adverse
effects of eating are signs that you have undergone food deprivation. Any meal
or amounts of food you consume may produce a variety of conditioned taste
aversions that reduce the motivation to eat (Pinel, 2011). Suzy, you seem to be
severely undernourished.
4.
Talia asked,
“My mom says that I became anorexic because I have been reading too many Cosmo
magazines and want to look like those girls.
Maybe I did, but I really just don’t crave food. What do you think it is?”
Talia, you may be suffering from either the disorders called anorexia nervosa and
bulimia nervosa. Although you do not seem to suffer the adverse affects of
eating like those who suffer from anorexia nervosa. Although bulimics are less
capable of controlling their appetites, this may be why you do not crave food.
You seem to have entered into a cycle of starvation, but I am not sure if you
are bingeing and purging (Pinel, 2011). You seem to have a distorted body image.
You may see yourself as less attractive and maybe fatter then the girls in
Cosmo magazine. You also may be suffering from a combination of both disorders
or from one then the other and vice versa.
You are welcome.
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